This study-unit focuses on the monitoring and assessment of freshwater and marine, groundwater and surface water bodies. The study-unit will utilise class, case-study, laboratory and field-based learning to equip students with the skills necessary to design an effective monitoring and assessment programme.
It will delve into the essential concepts of the water body's hydrological, chemical and biological interactions and natural influences on water quality and their vulnerability to contamination.
This study-unit will also examine the various features of monitoring and assessment in the marine environment. This includes an integration of biological, chemical and physical aspects. The study-unit will discuss survey and fieldwork techniques needed to monitor various parameters in the marine environment.
The key biological aspects that need to be taken into account for a holistic monitoring programme will be described. Key considerations for the monitoring of pressures including non-indigenous species within protected areas and hotspot (port) areas will be explored. The pathways of introduction of non-indigenous species will be assessed. The study-unit also addresses the monitoring and assessment of the sustainability of exploitation (including fisheries).
Main Reading List
- BOYD, C.E., 2015. Water Quality. 2. ed. edn. Cham [u.a.]: Springer.
- LI, D. and LIU, S., 2019. Water Quality Monitoring and Management. Academic Press.
- Coll, M., C. Piroddi, J. Steenbeek, K. Kaschner, F.B.R. Lasram, J…… E. Voultsiadou. (2010). The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. PLoS One 5, e11842. Available online
Supplementary Reading List
- ROBINSON, M. and WARD, R.C., 2017. Hydrology : Principles and Processes. London: IWA Publishing.
- SHAW, E.M., 2011. Hydrology in practice. Fourth edition.. edn. London; New York : Spon.
- STUMM, W. and MORGAN, J.J., 2012. Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters. New York: New York: Wiley.
- Orfanidis, S., Panayotidis, P., & Ugland, K. (2011). Ecological Evaluation Index continuous formula (EEI-c) application: a step forward for functional groups, the formula and reference condition values. Mediterranean marine science, 12(1), 199-232. Available online
- Araújo, R., Somma, F., Aigars, J., Axe, P., Bartolo, A.G., De Cauwer, K., ... & Wilkes, R. (2019). Eutrophication in marine waters: harmonization of MSFD methodological standards at EU level. JRC Technical Report. Publications Office of the European Union. Available online
- Tsiamis, K., Palialexis, A., Stefanova, K., Gladan, Ž. N., Skejic, S., Despalatovic, M., ... & Cardoso, A. C. (2019). Non-indigenous species refined national baseline inventories: A synthesis in the context of the European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 145, 429-435. Available online